• Perbendaharaan Kata Visual Bahasa Inggeris
The Legal System
Sistem Perundangan
Legal Rights & Procedures
Hak & Prosedur Undang-undang

justice keadilan
due process proses yang wajar
constitutional rights hak perlembagaan
Miranda rights Hak Miranda
right to silence hak untuk berdiam diri
immunity kekebalan
You have the right to an attorney.
Anda mempunyai hak untuk mendapatkan peguam.
Innocent until proven guilty.
Tidak bersalah sehingga dibuktikan bersalah.
Beyond a reasonable doubt.
Melampaui keraguan munasabah.
Initial Court Appearances
Penampilan Awal di Mahkamah
district attorney (DA) peguam daerah (DA)
prosecutorpendakwa raya
courthouse mahkamah
defendant defendan
plea bargain tawar-menawar rayuan
defense attorneypeguam bela
charge pertuduhan
guilty bersalah
innocent tidak bersalah
bail jaminan
photo by Seattle Parks and Recreation CC BY 2.0
How do you plead? Guilty or not guilty?
Bagaimana anda merayu? Bersalah atau tidak bersalah?
I plead not guilty.
Saya mengaku tidak bersalah.
I plead guilty.
Saya mengaku bersalah.
I plead guilty to the charge of murder.
Saya mengaku bersalah atas tuduhan membunuh.
He made bail and was released with an ankle monitor.
Dia membayar jaminan dan dibebaskan dengan monitor pergelangan kaki.
Pretrial Phase
Fasa Prarbicaraan
The evidence is inadmissible because it was obtained without probable cause.
Bukti tidak boleh diterima kerana ia diperoleh tanpa sebab yang munasabah.
The defense attorney made a motion to dismiss the case which was granted.
Peguam bela membuat usul untuk menolak kes itu yang telah dibenarkan.
The case is dismissed.
Kes ditolak.
The Trial
Perbicaraan
witnesssaksi
testimonyketerangan
jury juri
juror juri
cross-examination pemeriksaan balas
perjury sumpah bohong
contempt of court menghina mahkamah
objectionbantahan
closing argumentshujah penutup
verdictkeputusan
convictionsabitan
acquittalpembebasan
Penn State Law's photo, licensed as CC BY-ND 2.0   
to testifyuntuk memberi keterangan
to convictuntuk mensabitkan
to acquituntuk membebaskan
to objectuntuk membantah
to overruleuntuk menolak
to sustainuntuk mengekalkan
to deliberateuntuk berbincang
to cross-examineuntuk memeriksa balas
to rebutuntuk membantah
The court is now in session.
Mahkamah kini bersidang.
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Adakah anda bersumpah dengan sesungguhnya bahawa keterangan yang akan anda berikan adalah kebenaran, keseluruhan kebenaran, dan tiada apa-apa selain kebenaran, jadi bantulah anda Tuhan?
Order in the court!
Perintah di mahkamah!
The defense called its first witness.
Pihak pembelaan memanggil saksi pertamanya.
Please take the stand.
Sila ambil pendirian.
The witness testified that she saw the suspect at the scene.
Saksi itu memberi keterangan bahawa dia melihat suspek di tempat kejadian.
I object! Leading the witness, your honor.
Saya membantah! Memimpin saksi, Yang Arif.
The judge overruled the objection.
Hakim menolak bantahan itu.
The witness was cross-examined by the prosecutor.
Saksi itu disoal siasat oleh pendakwa raya.
The judge sustained the objection.
Hakim mengekalkan bantahan itu.
The judge instructed the jury to disregard the last statement.
Hakim mengarahkan juri supaya tidak mengendahkan kenyataan terakhir itu.
The prosecutor objected to the question as irrelevant.
Pendakwa raya membantah soalan itu kerana tidak relevan.
The jury was sequestered during the trial.
Juri telah diasingkan semasa perbicaraan.
The witness gave compelling testimony.
Saksi itu memberikan keterangan yang menarik.
The judge declared a mistrial due to a procedural error.
Hakim mengisytiharkan perbicaraan salah kerana kesilapan prosedur.
The prosecutor gave the closing arguments.
Pendakwa raya memberikan hujah penutup.
The closing arguments summarized the main points of the case.
Hujah-hujah penutup meringkaskan perkara-perkara utama kes itu.
The judge held him in contempt of court.
Hakim menahannya kerana menghina mahkamah.
The jury is still out on that decision.
Juri masih belum membuat keputusan.
The jury is deadlocked.
Juri buntu.
After deliberation, the jury reached a unanimous verdict.
Selepas perbincangan, juri mencapai keputusan sebulat suara.
The verdict was announced in open court.
Keputusan diumumkan di mahkamah terbuka.
The jury returned a verdict of not guilty.
Juri mengembalikan keputusan tidak bersalah.
The defendant was acquitted of all charges.
Defendan telah dibebaskan daripada semua pertuduhan.
Sentencing
Hukuman
sentence hukuman
life sentencehukuman seumur hidup
probation percubaan
parole parol
fine denda
penalty penalti
to sentenceuntuk menghukum
to paroleuntuk parol
to fineuntuk mendenda
to penalizeuntuk menghukum
He was convicted of robbery and sentenced to five years in prison.
Dia disabitkan kesalahan merompak dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara lima tahun.
The judge sentenced the defendant to community service.
Hakim menjatuhkan hukuman khidmat masyarakat kepada defendan.
He's a repeat offender and got a heavy sentence.
Dia seorang pesalah berulang dan mendapat hukuman yang berat.
She violated her parole and was sent to prison.
Dia melanggar parolnya dan dihantar ke penjara.
The Appeal
Rayuan
appellate court mahkamah rayuan
to appealuntuk merayu
The defense attorney appealed the conviction.
Peguam bela merayu sabitan itu.
The defense presented new evidence during the appeal.
Pihak pembelaan mengemukakan bukti baharu semasa rayuan.
Prison
Penjara
cellsel
wardenwarden
solitary confinementkurungan bersendirian
guardpengawal
releasepembebasan
maximum securitykeselamatan maksimum
minimum security keselamatan minimum
to incarcerateuntuk memenjarakan
to escapeuntuk melarikan diri
to serve timeuntuk menjalani hukuman
to releaseuntuk melepaskan
to break outuntuk keluar
to lock upuntuk mengunci
to rehabilitateuntuk memulihkan
He is serving a life sentence.
Dia sedang menjalani hukuman seumur hidup.
The inmates are locked up in their cells at night.
Para banduan dikurung di dalam sel mereka pada waktu malam.
He's been behind bars for years.
Dia telah berada di belakang bar selama bertahun-tahun.
The prison is a maximum security facility.
Penjara ini adalah kemudahan keselamatan maksimum.
He hopes to be rehabilitated and reintegrated into society.
Dia berharap dapat dipulihkan dan disepadukan semula ke dalam masyarakat.
He's doing hard time.
Dia sedang menjalani masa yang sukar.
She's on death row.
Dia berada di hukuman mati.
The prison is overcrowded.
Penjara itu sesak.
He spent six months in solitary confinement.
Dia menghabiskan enam bulan dalam kurungan bersendirian.
Because of the riot, the inmates are in lockdown.
Kerana rusuhan, banduan berada dalam lokap.
There was a prison break last week.
Terdapat satu pelarian penjara minggu lepas.
He broke out of jail by digging a tunnel.
Dia melarikan diri dari penjara dengan menggali terowong.
He tried to escape but was caught by the guards.
Dia cuba melarikan diri tetapi ditangkap oleh pengawal.
He's counting down the days to his release.
Dia mengira hari-hari sehingga pembebasannya.
He got early release for good behavior.
Dia mendapat pembebasan awal kerana berkelakuan baik.
She was released on parole after ten years.
Dia dibebaskan dengan parol selepas sepuluh tahun.
She did time for robbery.
Dia dipenjarakan kerana merompak.
photo by wikiperman CC BY 2.0
Civil court
Mahkamah sivil
plaintiff plaintif
lawsuit tuntutan mahkamah
to sue untuk menyaman