French Grammar
Articles
Subject Pronouns
Possession
Demonstratives
Adjectives
Negations
Object Pronouns
Impersonal Verbs
Adjectives II
Indirect Obj. Pronouns
Adverbs
Participles
Questions
Questions II
Questions III
Possessive Pronouns
Disjunctive
Indefinites
Reflexive
Past Participles
Passé Composé
Commands
Tense
Passive
Subjunctive

Credits
 
Les Demonstratives Demonstratives

  Masculine Feminine  
singular
ce tableau
cet homme *
this painting
this man
cette histoire this story
plural ces miracles these miracles cettes guerres these wars

*When masculine nouns begin with a vowel or silent 'h', cet is used.

  Cet hôtel est bon marché. This hotel is cheap.

The above demonstratives are used with nouns and are technically adjectives.

Ce is equivalent to this/that however it is used only with the verb être. It is shortened to c' when être is in a form that begins with an e.

  -Ta vouvelle voiture est prête. Your new car is ready.
  -C'est magnifique! That's great.
  Regards la couche de soleil! Look at the sunset!
  -C'est très belle! It (the sunset) is very beautiful!


The following demonstratives are used to point out objects.

  Singular Plural
Masculine
celui ceux
Feminine
celle celles

Normally either -ci, indicating that the object is near, or -la, indicating distance, is attached to these pronouns.

  Celui-ci this one
  Celle-la that one
  Vouz préfèrez celui-ci ou celui-la? Do you want this one or that one?


Finally there is cela, and it's informal equivlent, ça. Both can be use to refer to objects as well as the indefinite- things like ideas and events. It is used most often to make general statements about something

  Le poisson, ça pue. Fish, it stinks.

or when an object is unkown.

  Je fais quoi avec ça? I do what with this?

Now would be a good time to study the Out of this World Verbs.

The infinitive (l'infinitive) is displayed at the top of each verb's conjugation table. Besides serving to identify a verb, it is employed whenever the tense or the person of the subject need not be indicated. This is the case when verbs are strung together. The first verb marks the tense and person. The infinitive is used for the second.

  Elles vont finir bientôt. They (women) are going to finish soon.
  Il veux être courageux. He wants to be brave.

or when a verb follows a preposition.

  Il faut être discipliné pour finir les devoirs. One must be disciplined to finish homework.

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